By Abidemi Adebamiwa
Nigeria, under President Bola Tinubu, is making bold moves on the global stage, and France seems to be the belle of the ball. Tinubu recently secured a €300 million investment deal with French President Emmanuel Macron, sparking excitement about the potential for economic growth. But before we pop the champagne, let’s take a moment to explore France’s long and complicated history in Africa—a tale that’s more cautionary than celebratory.
France’s African journey began in the 15th century, with traders flocking to the West African coast in search of gold and ivory. Unfortunately, their pursuits soon extended to the transatlantic slave trade, leaving scars that still linger today. By the 19th century, France had expanded its empire, claiming territories like Algeria, Senegal, and Chad under the guise of a “civilizing mission.” The reality was far bleaker—forced labor, exploitation, and violent resistance became the norm.
Take Algeria, for instance. France invaded in 1830 and clung to the territory for over a century. The Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962) was a bloody chapter marked by brutal confrontations and immense suffering. Although Algeria ultimately gained independence, the shadow of French rule remains etched in its history.
Even after the wave of independence swept across Africa in the 1960s, France refused to loosen its grip entirely. Enter “Françafrique”—a web of political and economic ties designed to keep its former colonies within its sphere of influence. French companies dominated African markets, and when things got shaky, the French military wasn’t far behind. Critics dubbed it neocolonialism—a strategy that ensured African nations remained dependent on French resources and support.
Cameroon’s story is a prime example of this complex relationship. After initially falling under German rule, Cameroon was divided between France and Britain following World War I. French Cameroon became a resource powerhouse for its colonizers. When independence movements gained momentum in the 1950s, the response was swift and brutal. Even after Cameroon’s independence in 1960, France’s influence lingered, with French businesses continuing to dominate key sectors. The unresolved Anglophone crisis is a stark reminder of how colonial legacies can entrench divisions and instability.
So, what does this all mean for Nigeria? Tinubu’s growing relationship with France might sound promising, but history suggests it comes with baggage. French investments often create dependency rather than fostering self-reliance. Imagine a future where Nigeria’s industries rely too heavily on French expertise or funding—that’s not exactly a recipe for sustainable growth.
There’s also the political dimension to consider. France has a track record of meddling in African politics, often propping up regimes that align with its strategic interests. Such interference could threaten Nigeria’s sovereignty and limit its ability to make decisions that truly benefit its people.
Culturally, the risks are just as real. In its former colonies, France imposed its language and education systems, often at the expense of local traditions. Nigeria’s vibrant and diverse cultural identity is a source of pride, and any partnership should protect and celebrate that heritage rather than overshadow it.
Security is another area where caution is warranted. France’s military presence in Africa, particularly in the Sahel, has been criticized for prioritizing French interests over regional stability. Aligning with such a partner could complicate Nigeria’s own battles against terrorism and insecurity.
So, how can Nigeria chart a smarter course? For starters, diversification is key. While France might be offering attractive deals, Nigeria should also explore opportunities with other global powers, especially emerging economies that promise more equitable terms. Transparency is another must—any agreement with France should be clear, fair, and focused on long-term benefits for Nigerians.
Learning from others can also help. Algeria and Cameroon’s experiences highlight what to avoid and how to safeguard national interests. Strengthening ties with neighboring African nations is equally crucial. A united regional front gives Nigeria more leverage in negotiations with former colonial powers.
Tinubu’s outreach to France could unlock new possibilities for Nigeria, but it’s vital to tread carefully. France’s history in Africa is a mix of promises and pitfalls. By staying vigilant and strategic, Nigeria can harness the benefits of this partnership while steering clear of its potential traps. After all, when it comes to France, the devil is often in the details—and Nigeria deserves nothing less than a partnership built on equality and mutual respect.
Abidemi Adebamiwa writes from Pleasanton, California, USA
